Caoimhe. Below, you will learn how to pronunce Caoimhe and discover interesting details such as name popularity, numerology reading and more specific to the name Caoimhe. Pronunciation of Caoimh with 4 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 8 translations and more for Caoimh. Caoimhe on BB seems to pronounce it Keeva also. It's pronounced Ahs-wee-pay ( metro. 3 ratings. A first course in the Irish language, introducing basic vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, and practical use in conversation. How do you pronounce the name. Mairead = Mur-aid. Pronunciation of McDonald, Caoimhe with and more for McDonald, Caoimhe. "Help. How to say Caoimhe McNulty in English? Pronunciation of Caoimhe McNulty with 2 audio pronunciations and more for Caoimhe McNulty. Aoife means beautiful and radiant. Hear the audio till you get your pronunciation right. uk) Just wait for storms Caoimhe, Siobhan, and Eoghan. Definition and meaning can be found here:The names Caoimhe, Oisín, and Doireann are rarely heard outside of Ireland, but they're common enough on the island itself. How to say Caoimhe Ní Mhaicín in Welsh? Pronunciation of Caoimhe Ní Mhaicín with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Caoimhe Ní Mhaicín. About us; Our Team; Contact us; Jobs; Work with us; Guest Posts; Menu, 400px wide And if you include the fada on Ciarn, it would be pronounced by most Irish people as 'Kier-AWN'. It. Caoimhe is the feminine version of the. Caoimhe means 'gentle', beautiful', and precious'. Ignore the th and. ENGLISH: AUDIO: (Listen to the late author Frank McCourt pronounce Meara and read along with the meaning) Play Audio for Meara: Play Audio for Meara. The name Caoimhe originates from the Irish Gaelic language, where each letter carries specific sounds and pronunciation rules. Caoimhe Origin and Meaning. In 2003 it was the twelfth most popular Irish girl name for baby girls. — Olivia. MEANING: The Irish word mara means “sea. Hear more IRISH NAMES pronounced: and learn how to say Niamh correc. How to say Caoimhe O'Malley in English? Pronunciation of Caoimhe O'Malley with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Caoimhe O'Malley. Caoimhe. You can be sure to learn how to say wor. Pronunciation of Caoimheán with 2 audio pronunciations. Meaning of the name Dervla. Hear more IRISH NAMES pronounced: how to say this word/name correct. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'caoimhe': Break 'caoimhe' down into sounds : say it out loud and exaggerate the sounds until you can consistently produce them. The top-rated names in the U. It follows the rule of pronouncing "ao" as a long "e" (as in "tree"). How to say Ní Chonchúir in English? Pronunciation of Ní Chonchúir with 1 audio pronunciation, 1 meaning and more for Ní Chonchúir. Hear more IRISH NAMES pronounced: caomh (genitive singular masculine caoimh, genitive singular feminine caoimhe, plural caomha, comparative caoimhe) dear, gentle; mild,. ” Several saints were Caoilainn and one was described as “a pious lady who quickly won the esteem and affection of her sister nuns by her exactness to every duty, as also by her sweet temper, gentle,. Síle is our number one pick for the hardest to pronounce Irish first names. Aoife . How to say Caoimhe in Spanish? Pronunciation of Caoimhe with 2 audio pronunciations and more for Caoimhe. Pronunciation: ee-fa. 发音指南：学习如何用母语爱尔兰语中的“Caoimhe”发音，“Caoimhe”英文翻译和音频发音video shows you how to pronounce Saoirse. Caoimhe. Once met someone with this name and thought she'd be v. It is derived from the word caomh with the meaning 'fair, comely, gentle'. Cheat tips: Kwi-vah or Kee-vahYou may register for the open section here. 1) Yes, I like it. . Follow. My friend is called Caoimhe. The name Caoimhe can pronounced as " KEE-va " in text or letters. ”. Caoimhe means 'gentle', beautiful', and precious'. GENDER: Girl | Female IRISH NAME: Keva Caoimhe PRONUNCIATION: kee + va” ENGLISH: Keva AUDIO: (Listen to the late author Frank McCourt pronounce Keva and read along with the meaning)Play Audio for Keva:Play Audio for Keva Back to Irish Girl Names Popular Irish. All continents use this name, although Europe (including Russia), the Americas, the Philippines, East Timor, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania is where it is most popular. Caol ”slender” and fionn ”white, fair, pure. 'CAT' - to rhyme wirh hat. 2 /5. Pronunciation: Deer-drah. . This video shows you How to Pronounce Caoimhe, pronunciation guide. Wiki User. So, let’s go through each name from the above list and put these tools to good use! Aisling = Ash. Caoimhe means 'gentle', beautiful', and precious'. This is a traditional Irish girl's name that comes from the same root as the boy's name Kevin. How to say lucien in English? Pronunciation of lucien with 2 audio pronunciations, 18 sentences and more for lucien. This is a traditional Irish girl's name that comes from the same root as the boy's name Kevin. How to say Caoimhe McCann in English? Pronunciation of Caoimhe McCann with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Caoimhe McCann. Pronunciation of Caoimhe Ní Chonchúir with 1 audio pronunciations 2 ratings Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to. What does Caoimhe mean? Pronounce Caoimhe. Easy. The Irish language is beautiful and has some pretty Irish girl names, many of which people struggle to pronounce. ― honeydew 9/7/2020. How to pronounce Caoimhe: Kwee-va or Kee-va. Menu. . . Irish dopers, pronunciation please. . Difficult. About us; Our Team; Contact us; Jobs; Work with us; Guest Posts; MenuMenu. Fionnuala. 3 /5. In Irish Gaelic, “c” is pronounced as a hard “k” sound, “aoi” creates the “ee” sound, and “mh” is silent. Very difficult. I do not know how you feel about it, but you were a female in your last earthly incarnation. Caoimhe. Traditional Irish names are notorious for appearing really difficult to pronounce,. How do you pronounce these two Irish names, SAOIRSE and CAOIMHE? Look at all my stars!! Look at all my stars!! Ser-sha is correct, Idk how to pronounce the second name. Ever wondered How to Pronounce Caoimhe? It is the Irish feminine version of given name derived from Irish caomh meaning "dear or noble", from the same root a. The name Caoimhe is ranked #6453 overall. How to Pronounce Caoimhe. You're pronouncing pretty much. Listen and learn how to pronounce Maolisa so you can get the correct pronunciation for this Irish girl name. Lastly, if the word has the letter “r,” you can basically forget this entire pronunciation guide and just guess. ”. Menu. McGeough pronunciation. Factual Questions. Pronunciation of Catrin in wales. Learn to pronounce Caoimhe as a native What's the correct pronunciation of the name Caoimhe? - Quora. Difficult. 1. 发音 Caoimhe 4 音频发音, 2 含义, 4 句子 更为 Caoimhe. Very difficult. Today we are looking at How To Pronounce the Irish Name Caoimhe. Aine (Áine) is pronounced AWN-ya. Something went wrong. GENDER: Girl | Female IRISH NAME: Keva Caoimhe PRONUNCIATION: kee + va” ENGLISH: Keva AUDIO: (Listen to the late author Frank McCourt pronounce Keva and read along with the meaning)Play Audio for Keva:Play Audio for Keva Back to Irish Girl Names Popular Irish. 10. Ireland Before You Die (IB4UD) is the biggest Irish travel and culture website. Máire. So, let us guide you to saying this name the right way. Famous Deirdre’s: Deirdre O’Kane (Irish comedian and actress) and Deirdre Lovejoy (American actress) 5. It follows the rule of pronouncing "ao" as a long "e" (as in "tree"). Meaning, pronunciation and origin of the Irish girls name Caoimhe How To Pronounce Caoimhe? What is the meaning and origin of Caoimhe? From “gentle, beautiful, precious”. Caoimhe = Kee-va. Meaning: True to the Irish legend of Deirdre of the Sorrows, the name means ‘Sorrowful’, ‘Raging’ or ‘Fear’. 61K views 1 year ago. Bebhinn. It’s also the name of an Irish saint. What is Irish Gaelic? Irish Gaelic is Ireland’s native language. Caoimhe name meaning is Gentle and Caoimhe is a Girl name. Aoife. Only Northern Irish people pronounce the name this way. Aoife = Ee-fa. Archives. Pronunciation guide: Learn how to pronounce caomh in Irish with native pronunciation. Easy. ’ The Irish-anglicized spelling Kiva, which is pronounced ‘Kee-va,’ is another pronunciation of the name. Aoibhe is pronounced EE-va. Published on January 13, 2016. This video shows you How to Pronounce RHYS (CORRECTLY), pronunciation guide. How to say Caoimhe Ní Mhaicín in English? Pronunciation of Caoimhe Ní Mhaicín with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Caoimhe Ní Mhaicín. I think it is a beautiful name and. Pronunciation of Caoimhe. Learn more. See the origin, popularity and notable people of Caoimhe. June 3, 2022 . User information. Caoimhe, which might intimidate a non-Irish speaker with all of those letters, means gentle, beautiful, and precious. (8 votes) Very easy. ' The most common pronunciations are 'KEE-va' or 'KWE-va. Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. Caoimhe is pronounced ‘kwee-va. Pronunciation: KWIY-Vah or KIY-Vah. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Dictionary Collections Quiz Community Contribute CertificateHow to say Caoimhe Ní Lionnáin in English? Pronunciation of Caoimhe Ní Lionnáin with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Caoimhe Ní Lionnáin. This video shows you How to Pronounce Meadhbh, Ireland, pronunciation. Cian. Dublin - in school and college in the 80’s/90’s I knew several who pronounced it Keeva. Darragh. Caoimhe (pronounced 'KEE-va' or 'KWE-va') derives from the Irish Gaelic word 'caomh,' which means 'gentle,' 'beautiful,' or 'kind. Tadgh. I'm from the border and I'd never heard anyone pronounce it Kweeva until I went out the wesht. It means gentleness or loveliness, stemming from the Irish 'caomh' meaning dear/gentle/noble. Irish terms with IPA. The Irish language is beautiful – but for a lot of people who weren’t raised on the Emerald Isle, some traditional names can be a little difficult to pronounce. Feeling inspired?. The consonant pair "mh" is sometimes pronounced as "v" in Irish, which adds to the complexity of this name. 'rin' - to rhyme with sin. comparative degree of caomh; Mutation [edit] Irish Girl Names. Pronunciation: kwee-va. I prefer Caoimhe. Ailbhe (phonetically: al-va) 9. Caoimhe , pronounced Kweeva, sometimes anglicised as Kiva and pronounced as Keeva in Ulster, is an Irish feminine given name derived from Irish caomh (Old Irish cóem) "dear; noble". Caoimhe, which might intimidate a non-Irish speaker with all of those letters, means gentle, beautiful, and precious. Gearóidín. Read more: Mighty Irish boys' names from myths and legends that people use to name kids today Caoimhe is pronounced KEE-va or KWEE-va. GENDER: Boy | Male IRISH NAME: Liam PRONUNCIATION: ENGLISH: William Back to Irish Boy Names Popular Irish Girl Names Siobhan Ava Aoife Anna Ciara Caoimhe Niamh Saoirse Maeve Aine View all Irish Girl Names Popular Irish Boy Names Aiden Daniel Sean Conor Dylan Niall Cian. Difficult. I look after dogs in my home and sometimes a bath is unavoidable. Listen how to say this name the right way with this pronunciation guide. Once met someone with this name and thought she'd be v. The correct pronunciation of Caoimhe is both Kwee-vuh and Kee-vuh. Caoimhe - Caoimhe ( K (W)EE-və; Irish: [ˈkiːvʲə]), anglicised Kiva, or in Northern Ireland Keeva, is an Irish feminine given name. How to say Sorry caoimhe in English? Pronunciation of Sorry caoimhe with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Sorry caoimhe. (1 Vote) Very easy. Table of Contents. Caoimhe Butterly - Caoimhe Butterly (born 1978) is an Irish human rights campaigner, educator, film- maker and therapist who has spent over twenty years working in humanitarian and social justice contexts in Ha. ' The most common pronunciations are 'KEE-va' or 'KWE-va. 10. Record Catrin. Sofia. Master the pronunciation of Irish names in just 2-3 hours with this comprehensive guide, covering popular names and their meanings. Caoimhe . Very difficult. Aoife Dearg (“Red Aoife”) was a daughter of a king of Connacht who had her marriage arranged by St. Hear more IRISH NAMES pronounced: is an Irish female given first n. Very easy. Pronunciation: shawn. Meaning, pronunciation and origin of the Irish girls name Caoimhe How To Pronounce Caoimhe? What is the meaning and origin of Caoimhe? From “gentle, beautiful, precious”. MEANING: From caomh ”gentle, beautiful, precious. MEANING: A Gaelic form of the Latin columba meaning “”dove. Caoimhe is actually. 2. Sadhbh: pronunciation and meaning, explained Read More . May 17, 2018 by caoimhedc Des Bishop In Irish in TY we watched a programme with Des Bishop called "In The Name of The Fada" from RT and how he decided to learn the Irish language by heading to the Gaeltacht in. Record yourself saying 'caoimhe' in full sentences, then watch yourself and listen. Listen how to say this name the right way with this pronunciation guide. What does Caoimhe mean? Pronounce Caoimhe. PRONUNCIATION: kee + va”. From "caomh". READ ALSO: CAOIMHE: pronunciation and meaning, explained. Aoife is probably derived from the word aoibh, pronounced ‘ee-v’, which is the Irish word for beauty or radiance. Caoimhe name origin is Irish. Entries containing “caoimhe” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge. by gogs126. How to say Caoimhe Roche in English? Pronunciation of Caoimhe Roche with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Caoimhe Roche. Easy. It embodies the essence of grace and elegance, reflecting the characteristics associated with this name. my read shelf: 40/112. Caoimhe is also considered the female equivalent of the Irish masculine name Caoimhín (Kevin), derived from the same Old Irish elements “caomh” (beautiful, gentle) and “ghín. Aoife is an extremely common Irish girls name that means “radiance” or “beauty”. Caoimhe means 'gentle', beautiful', and precious'. Laoise. In 2003 it was the twelfth most popular Irish girl name for baby girls. Easy. Difficult. Pronunciation. This is what I have and its not super organized but it is in alphabetic order for what its worth. The name Caoimhe is of Irish origin and traditionally used by parents to name a baby girl. Wait a moment and try again. " sambit doon sa amin ng isang babae na ngumuguya pa ng bubble gum "Naku mga ateng mura na nga iyan mahal dito sa maynila. However there are some notable ladies named Caoimhe, these include: Caoimhe Archibald – Irish MLA; Caoimhe Butterly – Irish human rights activistThe etymology of Caoimhe can be traced back to the Old Irish word “caomh,” which translates to “gentle” or “beautiful. When in Ireland, you’re bound to come across quite a few girls with this name, so just to set the record straight, the name is correctly pronounced ‘eee-fah’. Therefore, the combination of these sounds results in the delightful pronunciation of “Kee. Kelleher made his first-team bow for the Reds in last season's EFL Cup, though things didn't exactly get off to a rosy start as he conceded 10 goals in two consecutive rounds -- the 5-5 draw. U. Back to Irish Girl Names. [ 2 syll. As of 2023, the most popular searched Irish names for girls include Siobhan , Aoife, Caoimhe, and Saoirse. Listen and learn how to pronounce Radha so you can get the correct pronunciation for this Irish girl name. Aoife. Pronunciation: ee-fa. How to say callie in English? Pronunciation of callie with 6 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 6 translations, 16 sentences and more for callie. Because it is Irish the English name is Keeva but Irish usual pronounce it like quee+va (quee rhymes with bee) Record Caoimhe. Keefa / Twitter. Dylan. Caoimhe, pronounced (more properly) kwee-va or kee-va, is a pretty and distinctive Gaelic name but one that could well lead to no end of confusion outside the Irish community. How to say CAOIMHE LWAZ in English? Pronunciation of CAOIMHE LWAZ with and more for CAOIMHE LWAZ. This pronunciation guide will show you how to properly pronounce Caoimhe. How to say clough in English? Pronunciation of clough with 3 audio pronunciations, 1 synonym, 2 meanings, 4 translations, 29 sentences and more for clough. Very difficult. Caoimhe A fairly common feminine name in Ireland, Caoimhe is pronounced kee-va and comes from the Irish caomh , meaning dear or noble . Aoife. STARTS WITH Ca-. Kwee-va seems more common nowadays. MEANING: From caomh ”gentle, beautiful, precious. A stunning name with a meaning to match, Caoimhe, pronounced ‘Kee-vah’, translates from Irish to English as ‘beautiful’. This is a traditional Irish girl's name that comes from the same root as the boy's name Kevin. Reply replyAnoisagusaris · 07/04/2023 23:53. 1. She was the sister of Fionn Mac Cumbhail, famous for her beauty. View the full meaning of Caoimhe:. Eithne. ”. ∙ 8y ago. Caoilfhionn . Pronunciation of Caoimhe with 1 audio pronunciations. PRONUNCIATION: meer + a”. Conor. Copy. It’s a common name in Ireland as well as in many places all over the world. How to say Caoimhe Burke in English? Pronunciation of Caoimhe Burke with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Caoimhe Burke. Holly. Listen and learn how to pronounce Neala so you can get the correct pronunciation for this Irish girl name. lɪ]) is a Scottish Gaelic feminine given name. Siobhan is another Irish form of Joan meaning “God is gracious. Easy. MEANING: From caomh "gentle, beautiful, precious. Meaning 'dear' or 'noble', Caoimhe is another example of how letters are uniquely combined in the Irish language to create wonderfully-sounded words and names. the “correct” pronunciation. Looks lovely, can’t pronounce it. Dearbhile. Pronounced: kwee-va [Irish] kee-va [Northern Irish/ Scottish]". This is because even though it is a popular name in Ireland, it is heard far less in other parts of the world. Caoimhe is a hugely popular girl's name in Ireland, and its pronunciation depends on where in Ireland you are. First off, it's pronounced "cleev su-las" (kind of like the English words cleave and solace, actually). Listen and learn how to pronounce Keeva so you can get the correct pronunciation for this girl name. This answer is:Easy. Caoimhe name meaning & details. Welcome to our channel Pronunciation Guide where we hope to help you pronounce those tricky, weird and even just everyday words. 5. This Irish version of Alice is pronounced “AY-lish. Caoimhe is a feminine name of Irish origin to remind baby that they're a beloved addition to your family. GENDER: Girl | Female. In a shared house, I’d expect everyone to clean it properly after use. This video shows you how to pronounce Caoimhe. Kee+va. 2 ratings. My academic and professional association with the applicant began when Ms. You have the pronunciation for Caoimhe as 'Key-va'. Listen how to say this name the right way with this pronunciation guide. Also note the spelling and the pronunciation of the name Caoimhe and check the initials of the name with your last name to discover how it looks and sounds. Caoimhe, pronounced (more properly) kwee-va. Hear more IRISH NAMES pronounced: Caoimhe is an Irish female name, from the Irish-Gaelic “caomh” meaning “gentle” with an expanded definition of “beauty, grace, courtesy”. mysterious and shrouded in mythology. The first name of American folk singer Aoife O’Donovan is pronounced “EE-fuh. Willow. How to pronounce 'caoimhe' in Irish. Caoimhe is a difficult Irish name to pronounce for many but it has a stunning meaning all the same. Willow. Hear more IRISH NAMES pronounced: pronunciation and meaning, explained Read More . As of 2023, the most popular searched Irish names for girls include Siobhan , Aoife, Caoimhe, and Saoirse. I'd say Keeva. Read more Caoimhe Meaning and Origin The name Caoimhe is a girl's name meaning 'gentle' and is of Irish origin. . Ailill. Caoimhe {wiki_api. Khanisa [en] chiostro [en] Kwagar [en] Last updated November 14, 2023. MEANING: From the Irish ailleacht “”beauty. Southern Ireland tends to be Kweeva (how I personally pronounce it and more North ends to be Keeva. Caoimhe translation and audio pronunciationPronunciation [ edit] ( Munster) IPA ( key): /kiː/ ( Connacht, Ulster) IPA ( key): /ˈkiːvʲə/ Etymology 1 [ edit] From Old Irish caíme (“beauty, loveliness; charity,. Caoimhe in Irish is Caoimhe. . Aoife. Moderate. Southern Ireland tends to be Kweeva (how I personally pronounce it and more North ends to be Keeva. Caoimhe Nic Giollarnáith. Pronunciation of Caoímhe with and more for Caoímhe. ” The same root as Kevin, the name has become very popular in Ireland with the original Irish spelling. Of this name please; Caoimhe Sile Nic Dhaibheid. Caoimhe. No, this name is not pronounced ‘Granny’. In “Caoimhe”, this spelling is kept to show that the newer pronunciation is just a development from the sound of Old Irish “coém”, not a phonemic bh or v Reply Primary_Stretch2024 •Pronunciation of Caoimhe with 1 audio pronunciations 0 rating rating ratings Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. Caoimhe is derived from the Irish word 'caomh' or the Old Irish word 'cóem', which means ‘dear', 'noble', and 'beautiful’. 6/13/2005, 8:19 AM. Very easy. MEANING: The feminine form of Sean. Saoirse (ser-sha) This name means "freedom" or "liberty. Together /Kwee va/ or /Kee va/, it's pretty consistent phonetics, just different from English. ””. Irish-American actress Saoirse Ronan, star of famous films including Brooklyn (2015), Atonement (2007) and. Caoimhe pronunciation in Irish [ga] Caoimhe pronunciation. Xiu Xiu - Xiu Xiu () is an American experimental band, formed in 2002 by singer-songwriter Jamie Stewart in San Jose, California. Pronunciation of . Oisin. How to say Ní Chonchúir in English? Pronunciation of Ní Chonchúir with 1 audio pronunciation, 1 meaning and more for Ní Chonchúir. Easy. Listen and learn how to pronounce Shauna so you can get the correct pronunciation for this Irish girl name. Meaning 'dear' or 'noble. 10/06/10 - 12:08 #17. Meaning 'dear' or 'noble. Aoife . As others have said, Caoimhe has an initial /K/ or /Kw/ sound like cut or Queen, then the vowels make an /e/ sound like tree, then mhe make a /va/ sound like van. The correct pronunciation of Caoimhe is both Kwee-vuh and Kee-vuh, with the "w" sound in -Kwee. GENDER: Girl | Female IRISH NAME: Neala Neila PRONUNCIATION: nee + la” ENGLISH: AUDIO: (Listen to the late author Frank. In 2003 it was the twelfth most popular Irish girl name for baby girls. Search for Caoimhe audio pronunciation in Forvo, the largest pronunciation guide in the world. . Meaning: Gentle. Meaning 'dear' or 'noble', Caoimhe is another example of how letters are uniquely combined in the Irish language to create wonderfully-sounded words and names. Menu. You have to get drunk, then can pronounce it as fluently as sober Irish. Radha. In 2003 she was named by Time Magazine as one of their Europeans of the Year. Hear HOW NOT TO PRONOUNCE Caoimhe: pronounce as kee-va which means precious, gentle, and beautiful. Pronunciation: ee-fa. Difficult. MEANING: maol + Iosa “follower of Jesus. Caoimhe Pronunciation: ("kee-va") Age: 19 Gender: Female Team: Palette Pokemon: Smeargle Ability: Technician Held Item: Shell Bell — The holder regains a little HP every time it inflicts damage on others. 2. Meaning of the Irish name Shauna. maisi lacht, gleoiteacht, cuannacht are the top synonyms of "caoimhe" in Irish thesaurus. Easy. It's interesting to see how this deviates from the most popular baby girl names in the United States. Pronunciation: ee-fa. Hear more IRISH NAMES pronounced: and learn how to say Aoife correc. . Roisin. According to a user from New Zealand, the name Caoimhe is of Irish origin and means "Beautiful, Gentle, Precious". Aoibheann = Eve-een. Maeve is pronounced MAYV. The Pronunciation in the rest of Ireland, and as I pronounce my own name, is 'Kwee-va', or more accurately, 'Kwee-veh'. How to say McDonald, Caoimhe in Indonesian? Pronunciation of McDonald, Caoimhe with 1 audio pronunciation and more for McDonald, Caoimhe.